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Taking Charge: Management Guide to Troubled Companies and Turnarounds
By John O. Whitney
1998/01 - Beard Books
1893122034 - Paperback - Reprint - 244 pp.
US$34.95
A management survival guide for and about troubled companies and the challenges
of turnarounds.
Publisher Comments
Strained financial resources, demoralized executives, fearful employees, unhappy customers, tense bankers, angry investors, and competitors waiting to pounce -- these are the classic challenges of turnarounds and troubled companies. Taking Charge is a management survival guide that explores the dynamics of troubled companies from the perspective of a turnaround pro, providing a step-by-step plan for success that is punctuated with real-world examples.
Topics include cash control, banking relationships, leadership style, entrepreneurship, equity versus debt, and downsizing and reorganization -- must reading not only for managers of troubled companies, but also for those in relatively stable companies anxious to avoid turnaround status. The principles first set forth in the original edition published in 1987 are still valid in this 1999 reprint edition.
Review by Susan Pannell From Turnarounds and Workouts, May 15, 1999
Remember when Lee Iacocca was practically a national hero? He won celebrity status by taking charge at a company so universally known as troubled tht humor columnist joked their kids grew up thinking the corporate name was "Ayling Chrysler." Whatever else Iacocca may have been, he was a leader, and
leadership is crucial to a successful turnaround, maintains the author.
Mediagenic names merit only passing references in Whitney's book, however. The author's own considerable experience as a turnaround pro has given him more than sufficient perspective and acumen to guide managers through successful turnarounds without resorting to name-dropping. While Whitney states that he "share(s) no personal war stories" in this book, it was nonetheless, written from inside the "shoes, skin and skull of a turnaround leader." That sense of immediacy, of urgency and intensity, makes Taking Charge compelling reading even for the executive who feels he or she has already mastered the literature of turnarounds.
Whitney divides the work into two parts. Part I is succinctly entitled "Survival," and sets out the rules for taking charge within the crucial first 120 days. "The leader rarely succeeds who is not clearly in charge by the end of his fourth month," Whitney notes. Cash budgeting, the mainstay of a successful turnaround, is given attention in almost every chapter. Woe to the inexperience manager who views accounts receivable management as "an arcane activity 'handled over in accounting.'" Whitney sets out 50 questions concerning AR that the leader must deal with -- not academic
exercises, but requirements for survival.
Other internal sources for cash, including judiciously managed accounts payable and inventory, asset restructuring, and expense cuts, are discussed. External sources of cash, among them banks, asset lenders, and venture capital funds; factoring receivables; and the use of trust receipts and field warehousing, are handled in detail. Although cash, cash, and more cash is the drumbeat of Part I, Whitney does not slight other subjects requiring attention. Two chapters, for example, help the turnaround manager assess how the company got into the mess in the first place, and develop strategies for getting out of it.
The critical subject of cash continues to resonate throughout Part II, "Profit and Growth," although here the turnaround leader consolidates his gains and looks ahead as the turnaround matures. New financial, new organizational and new marketing arrangements are laid out in detail. Whitney also provides a checklist for the leader t o use in brainstorming strategic options for the future.
Whitney's underlying theme -- that a successful business requires personal leadership as well as bricks and mortar, money and machinery -- is summed up in a concluding chapter that analyzes the qualities that make a leader. His advice is as relevant in this 1999 reprint edition as it was in 1987 when first published.
James D. Miller, Managing Partner, Arthur Andersen & Co.
A step-by-step how-to book that discusses turnarounds in a straightfoward, no-nonsense manner.
Columbia University
(The books is) a bible for the turnaround business.
This book is about turnarounds, my
background. Turnarounds and start-ups have many similarities. Find
this book. It is excellent.
John O. Whitney is Professor of Management and Executive Director of the Deming Center for Quality Management at Columbia Business School. He is a member of the board of Directors of several companies, including Turner Corp., Church and Dwight Corp., and Atchison Castings Corp., and on the advisory board at Newsbank Corp. Recent consulting assignments include Alcoa Corp., Wickes Lumber, Rodale Press,
Sunstar, Inc., the Zimmer Division of Bristol-Myers Squibb, the Lab Glass Division of Corning, inc., Merck & Co., W.R. Grace, Nashua Corporation, and IBM. His speaking engagements include an even larger number of companies, and he has written for numerous leading business publications.
PART I. SURVIVAL |
1 |
CHAPTER 1. Style and Substance |
3 |
|
Style Is Substance |
4 |
The First 120 Days |
5 |
The Urgent Need to Centralize Control |
6 |
Developing Information |
6 |
Reinforcing the New Regime |
7 |
Preparing for Change |
9 |
Leadership -- Powers and Pitfalls |
11 |
Sharing Power |
12 |
Participative Management -- Not Now |
14 |
Delegation -- What? To Whom? |
15 |
Meetings -- Absolutely |
16 |
Fine-Tuning the Process |
20 |
Entrepreneurship -- The Essence of Turnarounds |
21 |
Managing Uncertainty |
22 |
Managing Risk |
23 |
CHAPTER 2. Marketing in the Turnaround's Early Stages |
25 |
CHAPTER 3. Cash Cash Cash -- Internal Sources |
35 |
|
Forgiveness, Conversion, and Extended Terms for Payables
and Debt |
36 |
Cash Projections |
36 |
Deterioration of Receivables -- Acceleration of Payable |
38 |
Early Reviews |
45 |
Analysis of Receivables |
45 |
Accounts Payable Review |
49 |
Early Actions |
50 |
Turning Receivables into Cash |
50 |
Receivables Factoring |
55 |
Management of Payables |
56 |
Old-Fashioned Stretching |
59 |
Conversion to a Note Payable |
60 |
Conversion from Purchase to Consignment |
60 |
Returns for Credit |
61 |
Other Internal Sources of Cash |
61 |
Inventory Management |
61 |
Additions to Inventory |
62 |
Converting Assets to Leases -- Sale and Leaseback |
64 |
Other Asset Restructuring |
65 |
Defensive Auctions |
65 |
Expense Cuts |
66 |
Peering over the Edge |
66 |
Liquidation |
67 |
Creditor Committees and Out-of-Court
Settlements |
68 |
Chapter 11 Analysis |
69 |
CHAPTER 4. More Cash -- External Sources |
71 |
|
External Sources and the Business Plan |
72 |
Banks in General -- Banks in Turnarounds |
73 |
Asset Lenders |
76 |
Factoring, Trust Receipts, Field Warehousing |
77 |
Intermediate Debt Financing |
77 |
Public Issues |
78 |
Venture Capital |
79 |
Special Sources |
84 |
Senator Alken's Solution -- An Orderly Retreat |
85 |
Mergers -- Sellouts |
86 |
Using the Loss Carryforward |
88 |
CHAPTER 5. Striking the Financial Bargain -- A Better Idea |
89 |
|
Due Diligence |
91 |
Personnel Data |
91 |
The Business Plan |
92 |
The Decision |
93 |
The Process |
94 |
Impediments -- Shall We Overcome |
95 |
CHAPTER 6. How Did We Get in This Mess? How Do We Get Out of It? |
99 |
|
Internal Sources of Information |
100 |
Senior Managers |
102 |
Frontline Manager |
104 |
Employees |
105 |
The Informal Organization |
106 |
Personnel Actions |
106 |
External Sources of Information |
107 |
Customer Interviews |
107 |
Vendor Interviews |
108 |
Marketplace in General |
108 |
Product |
109 |
Product Positioning |
109 |
Pricing |
109 |
Service |
109 |
Report Reviews |
110 |
Accounting and MIS Reviews |
110 |
Cash |
111 |
Accounts Receivable System |
111 |
Accounts Payable Systems |
113 |
Other Accounting Reports |
114 |
Management Information Systems |
115 |
CHAPTER 7. Composing the Marching Song -- The Survival Plan |
117 |
|
Information Gathering and Analysis |
121 |
Decision and Implementation |
123 |
The Plan |
126 |
The Organization |
127 |
Appointments, Pay and Performance |
129 |
The Budget |
129 |
Implications and Consequences |
129 |
Marching and Singing |
133 |
|
|
PART II. PROFIT AND GROWTH |
135 |
CHAPTER 8. New Marketing Strategies |
139 |
|
The Planning Process |
142 |
Niches, Nooks and Crannies -- Target Markets |
142 |
Platforms, Ramps, and Springboards |
144 |
Salience, Dominance, Segments, Differentiation, and Risk |
145 |
Salience |
146 |
Dominance |
147 |
Segmentation, Differentiation and Risk Assessment |
148 |
Present Products in Existing markets |
150 |
Present Products in New Markets |
150 |
Levels of Differentiation |
151 |
Perceptual Differentiation |
151 |
Applied Differentiation |
152 |
Palpable Differentiation |
156 |
Imponderables, Intangibles, and Intuition |
157 |
The Advertising Dilemma |
160 |
The Medium |
161 |
The Message |
161 |
Quicker Payback from Sales Promotion |
162 |
Advertising as a Marching Song |
164 |
Direct Marketing |
164 |
Market Shares and Channels |
165 |
The Marketing Portfolio |
165 |
The Portfolio Decision |
169 |
Product Portfolio Weighting Table |
171 |
Rewards, Risks and Pitfalls -- Two Case Histories |
171 |
CHAPTER 9. New Organizational Requirements |
178 |
|
The Need for the Flat Organization Chart |
179 |
Avoiding Disaster |
179 |
Exploiting Opportunity |
180 |
Reducing Expenses |
180 |
The Flat Organization Chart -- Centralizing while
Decentralizing |
181 |
Design and Implementation |
182 |
Understanding and Evaluating the Work |
184 |
Redefining the Work |
185 |
Reorganizing the Work |
186 |
Measurement and Control |
188 |
Process and Structure |
190 |
People |
191 |
Performance Appraisals |
192 |
Participative Management Revisited |
194 |
Training and Development |
198 |
The Budget as a Training Tool |
201 |
Intrinsic Productivity Gains through Overhead Value
Analysis (OVA) |
203 |
CHAPTER 10. Organizational Issues Unique to the Turnaround |
207 |
|
Manufacturing |
207 |
The Chief Financial Officer |
209 |
Management Accounting and Management Information |
213 |
Electronic Data Processing |
215 |
The Personnel Function |
217 |
Outside Services -- Auditors, Advertising Agencies,
Lawyers |
219 |
Consultants |
220 |
CHAPTER 11. New Financial Strategies |
222 |
|
Internal Resources |
223 |
Cash Flow |
223 |
Profits |
224 |
Divestitures and Acknowledged Liquidations |
227 |
External Sources |
231 |
Debt or Equity |
232 |
Cost of Equity versus Cost of Debt |
234 |
Private versus Public Placement |
235 |
Equity and Near Equity |
237 |
Common Stock |
237 |
Convertible Preferred |
237 |
Warrants |
241 |
Debt and Near Debt |
241 |
Convertible Debentures |
242 |
Intermediate-Term Loans |
243 |
Revolving Credit Line |
244 |
Short-Term Loans |
244 |
Selling Royalty Streams |
246 |
Acquisitions |
246 |
CHAPTER 12. Strategic Options |
248 |
|
Strategy Formulation |
249 |
Checklist for Strategy Development |
253 |
Strategic Alternatives |
259 |
Divestments |
259 |
Acquisitions |
260 |
Sale of Assets or Company |
261 |
Steady Growth |
261 |
Rapid Growth |
262 |
New Products -- New Markets |
263 |
Visions of Grandeur |
264 |
|
|
CONCLUSION. STRATEGY AND THE LEADER |
265 |
|
Turnarounds and Self-Esteem |
270 |
|
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INDEX |
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