This scholarly monograph makes a significant contribution to the history of the
American Revolution and is an excellent example of the modern school of
historical research.
This engrossing study focuses on the role played by colonial merchants in bringing about the separation of the 13 colonies from the mother country. Their most distinctive activity was the formation of non-intercourse agreements--covered extensively in this book because of their influence on the development of the revolutionary sentiment. It is a significant contribution to the history of the American Revolution.
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Arthur Meier Schlesinger (1888-1965) was a foremost American historian. Born in Xenia, Ohio, he became a professor of history at Harvard (1924-54) after teaching at Ohio State University and the State University of Iowa. In 1928 became an editor of the New England Quarterly. His well-known works in the field of colonial history include The Colonial Merchants and the American Revolution, 1763-1776 (1918) and Prelude to Independence: The Newspaper War on Britain, 1764-1776 (1958). He is also known for his interest in the interpretation of social history, as in The Rise of the City, 1878-1898 (1933) and Political and Social Growth of the American People, 1865-1940 (1941). His other books include New Viewpoints in American History (1922), essays on American historiography. With Dixon Ryan Fox he edited the "History of American Life series (13 vol., 1927-48), which remains a valuable examination of U.S. social and cultural life.
Chapter I
The Old Order Changeth |
Effects of British commercial and financial
supervision on the colonies. |
15 |
Economy of commercial provinces. |
22 |
Dominance of merchant class in commercial
provinces. |
27 |
Economy of plantation provinces. |
32 |
Leadership of planting class in plantation
provinces. |
34 |
Survey of colonial smuggling to 1763 |
39 |
Chapter II
The First Contest for Commercial Reform (1764-1766) |
Restrictive acts of 1764 |
50 |
Sectionalization of discontent |
54 |
First stage of industrial depression |
56 |
Beginning of organized opposition on part of
merchants |
59 |
Broadening the basis of protest |
62 |
Early movement for retrenchment in commercial
provinces |
63 |
Stamp Act (1765) and its economic burden |
65 |
Popular demonstration in commercial provinces |
71 |
Contrast with plantation provinces |
73 |
Union of commercial and plantation provinces
in Stamp Act Congress |
75 |
Organized efforts for economic relief in
commercial provinces |
76 |
Remedial Legislation of Parliament (1766) |
82 |
Chapter III
The Second Movement for Commercial Reform (1767-1770) |
Position of merchant class early in 1767 |
91 |
Townshead legislation (1767) |
93 |
General modes of opposition |
96 |
Opposition to regulations against smuggling
(1767-1770) |
97 |
General character of non-importation movement |
105 |
New England town movement for non-consumption
(October, 1767 - February, 1768) |
106 |
Efforts for a tri-city mercantile league of
non-importation (March - June, 1768) |
113 |
Independent boycott agreements in chief
trading towns (August, 1768 - March, 1769) |
120 |
Attempt to extend scope of mercantile
agreements (October, 1769) |
131 |
Non-importation movement in plantation
provinces |
134 |
|
In Virginia |
135 |
|
In Maryland |
138 |
|
In South Carolina |
140 |
|
In Georgia |
147 |
|
In North Carolina |
148 |
Boycott agreements in minor northern provinces |
149 |
|
In Delaware |
149 |
|
In New Jersey |
150 |
|
In Connecticut |
150 |
|
In Rhode Island |
152 |
|
In New Hampshire |
155 |
Chapter IV
Enforcement and Breakdown of Non-Importation (1768-1770) |
Difficulties of judging execution of
non-importation |
156 |
Enforcement at Boston |
156 |
Enforcement at New York |
186 |
Enforcement at Philadelphia |
191 |
Enforcement in other northern provinces |
194 |
|
Accession of New Hampshire to non-importation |
194 |
|
Uncandid course of Rhode Island |
195 |
|
Enforcement in Delaware, New Jersey and Connecticut |
196 |
Chapter V
Enforcement and Breakdown of Non-Importation (Continued.) |
Operation of non-importation in plantation
provinces |
197 |
|
Situation in Virginia |
198 |
|
Situation in Maryland |
199 |
|
Enforcement in South Carolina |
202 |
|
Enforcement in North Carolina |
208 |
|
Early defection of Georgia |
209 |
General trend toward relaxation of non
importation |
209 |
Movement of great trading towns to terminate
non-importation (April - October, 1770) |
217 |
Collapse of non-importation in planatation
provinces (October, 1770 - July 1771) |
233 |
Coercive effects of non-importation in England |
236 |
Chapter VI
Colonial Prosperity and a New Peril (1770-1773) |
Alienation of merchant class from radicals |
240 |
Return of prosperity |
241 |
Widespread acquiescence in tea duty |
244 |
Continuance of smuggling |
246 |
Attempt of radicals to revive agitation
(November, 1772 - July 1773) |
253 |
Cause for renewal of opposition: tea act of
1773 |
262 |
Analysis of literature of protest |
265 |
Chapter VII
The Struggle With the East India Company (1773-1774) |
Inauguration of movement of opposition at
Philadelphia |
279 |
Development of Boston oppositions to tea
shipments |
281 |
Course of opposition at Philadelphia |
290 |
Course of opposition at New York |
291 |
Course of opposition at Charleston |
294 |
Effect of Boston Tea Party on colonial opinion |
298 |
Chapter VIII
Contest of Merchants and Radicals for Dominance in the Commercial
Provinces (March - August, 1774) |
Passage of coercive acts of 1774 |
305 |
Effect of coercive acts on American opinion |
306 |
Movement in commercial provinces for
non-intercourse |
311 |
|
In New England |
311 |
|
In New York |
327 |
|
In Pennsylvania |
341 |
|
In New Jersey |
356 |
|
In Delaware |
357 |
Chapter IX
Contest of Merchants and Radicals for Dominance in the Plantation
Provinces (May -- October, 1774) |
Factors conditioning the non-intercourse
movement in plantation provinces |
359 |
Action of Maryland |
360 |
Measures of Virginia |
362 |
Attitude of North Carolina |
370 |
Course of South Carolina |
373 |
Backwardness of Georgia |
379 |
Indications of rising tide of radicalism in
British America |
386 |
|
Combination of workingmen at Boston and New York against
Gage |
386 |
|
Destruction of the Peggy Stewart in Annapolis |
388 |
Chapter X
The Adoption of the Continental Association (November 1775 - June, 1775) |
Genesis of First Continental Congress |
393 |
Factors determining the policy of Congress |
396 |
Proceedings of First Continental Congress |
410 |
Chapter XI
Ratification of the Continental Association (Novemeber, 1774 - June
1775) |
Position of moderates after First Continental
Congress |
432 |
Literature of protest |
435 |
Establishment of Association in commercial
provinces |
440 |
|
In Massachusetts |
440 |
|
In New Hampshire |
442 |
|
In Rhode Island |
444 |
|
In Connecticut |
444 |
|
In New York |
447 |
|
In New Jersey |
455 |
|
In Pennsylvania |
456 |
|
In Delaware |
460 |
Establishment of Association in plantation
provinces |
460 |
|
In Maryland |
461 |
|
In Virginia |
461 |
|
In North Carolina |
462 |
|
In South Carolina |
464 |
|
Failure of Georgia to ratify |
469 |
Chapter XII
Five Months of the Association in the Commercial Provinces (December,
1774 - April 1775) |
General conditions affecting operation of
Association |
473 |
Workings of Association in Massachusetts |
476 |
Workings of Association in New Hampshire |
483 |
Workings of Association in Rhode Island |
485 |
Workings of Association in Connecticut |
486 |
Workings of Association in New York |
489 |
Workings of Association in New Jersey |
493 |
Workings of Association in Pennsylvania |
495 |
Workings of Association in Delaware |
502 |
Chapter XIII
Five Months of the Association in the Plantation Provinces General
Conclusions |
Contrast with commercial provinces |
504 |
Workings of Association in Maryland |
504 |
Workings of Association in Virginia |
509 |
Workings of Association in North Carolina |
519 |
Workings of Association in South Carolina |
525 |
Employment of provincial boycott |
529 |
Regulation of coastwise trade |
534 |
General conclusions as to non-importation
regulation in all provinces |
535 |
Effects of Continental Association on Great
Britain |
536 |
Chapter XIV
Transformation of the Association (April, 1775 - July, 1776) |
Cause of transformation of Continental
Association |
541 |
Widespread adoption of defense associations |
542 |
Belated accession of Georgia to Continental
Association |
546 |
Changing functions of committees of
observation |
552 |
Early adoption of non-exportation for military
purposes |
559 |
Modifications in Continental Association made
by Second Continental Congress |
563 |
Advent of non-exportation |
570 |
Chapter XV
Transformation of the Association (Continued) |
Nullification of acts of navigation and trade |
576 |
Relaxation of tea non-consumption |
581 |
Removal of restraint on prices |
584 |
Merchant class and the supreme decision |
591 |
Appendix |
607 |
Bibliography |
614 |
Index |
631 |