Absorbing reading for those interested in developments which eventually led
to the rise of the European Economic Community (EEC).
This book presents a detailed history of the development and influence of European culture and its attendant economic institutions. Beginning with the precapitalist period, it traces European economic society through the foundations of capitalism to its dominance in the first part of the twentieth century. One important tenet is that fundamental economic institutional changes operate across, and frequently in disregard of, political boundaries. Today's transition to the Euro is a case in point, sixty-nine years after Nussbaum expounded his theory.
From the back cover blurb:
This book presents a detailed history of the development and influence of European culture and its economic society. The story is traced from the pre-capitalist period through the foundations of capitalism and its early states, to the point in which it become dominant in the first part of the twentieth century. The book confirms a recognition that the political units of Europe are not mutually independent and self-determining in the economic sense, as they claim to be in the political sense. Fundamental institutional changes operate across and frequently in disregard of political boundaries. These changes are the result of evolution and have gone through stages of growth and decay. This book makes for absorbing reading for those interested in the developments which eventually led to the rise of the formal Economic Community.
First published in 1933, this volume was penned by the late economist Nussbaum for the purpose of bringing the main ideas of the economic history of Europe propounded by Werner Sombart in his three-volume Der Moderne Kapitalismus (Munich and Leipzig, 1916-1927) to an American audience. Sombart's work itself owed a great debt to the thinking of Karl Marx. A central tenet of the analysisis that fundamental institutional changes operate across political boundaries and a consequent emphasis is placed on the modes and institutions of economic action. He begins his narrative with an examination of precapitalistic feudal and exchange economies, following by the rise of modern capital and its eventual dominance over European economic life. Annotation c. Book News, Inc.,Portland, OR
Frederick L. Nussbaum, 1885-1958, was an internationally acclaimed historian. He received a B.A. degree at Cornell in 1906 and a Ph.D. degree form University of Pennsylvania in 1915. After teaching at Northwestern, Temple, and the University of Southern California, he joined the faculty at the University of Wyoming in 1925 and taught there until his retirement in 1956. He was the author of numerous books, articles and reviews.
Introduction: The Problem of European Economic History |
|
The Problem of History |
3 |
The Problem of Economic History |
4 |
The Problem of the Economic History of Europe |
6 |
The Place of European Economic Culture in World History |
8 |
Part I. Precapitalistic Economy |
I. |
The Sustenance Economy |
|
|
The Character of Economic Life in Western Europe in the
Early Middle Ages |
17 |
The Village Economy |
20 |
The Feudal Economy |
23 |
II. |
The Transition to Exchange Economy |
|
|
Definitions and Background |
31 |
The Rise of the Towns |
34 |
The Handicraft Economy |
41 |
The Organization of Export Industry and Commerce in the
Handicraft System |
53 |
Part II. The Foundations of Modern Capitalism |
I. |
The State as Economic Organization |
|
|
The Indirect Promotion of Capitalism |
61 |
Mercantilist Policy |
64 |
Money |
69 |
Colonialism |
73 |
Religion |
76 |
II. |
The Technical Equipment of Capitalism |
|
|
The Tools of Industry |
80 |
The Instrumentalities of Exchange: Gold and Silver |
89 |
III. |
The Adaptation of Population Groups to Capitalism |
|
|
The Organization of Labor |
108 |
The Development of Bourgeois Wealth |
114 |
The Development of Bourgeois Demand |
126 |
The Emergence of the Entrepreneur |
133 |
Part III. Early Capitalism |
I. |
The Transformation of Economic Motive and of Economic Forms |
|
|
The Epoch of Early Capitalism |
147 |
Economic Motive |
150 |
Business Forms |
156 |
II. |
The Transformation of the Market: (I) Its External Aspect |
|
|
The Change in the Form of the Market |
165 |
Cycles and Crises |
166 |
The Means of Intercourse and Trade |
168 |
News and Information Service |
178 |
III. |
The Transformation of the Market: (II) Buying and
Selling |
|
|
The Development of Settled Retailing and Wholesaling |
185 |
The Development of Contract Buying |
191 |
Instruments of Payment |
193 |
The Differentiation of Merchants and of Business Services |
196 |
The Development of the Bourse |
200 |
IV. |
The Transformation of Production: From the Handicraft
System to the Factory |
|
|
The Persistence of the Old System |
204 |
The Putting-Out System |
208 |
The Concentration of Production in the Factory |
211 |
The Organization of Labor |
220 |
The Social Demands to which the Transformation of
Production Responded |
224 |
V. |
Europe as an Economic Society at the End of the Eighteenth
Century |
|
|
Mercantilism as Thought and Feeling |
233 |
Mercantilism in Practice |
238 |
Capitalism and Society |
244 |
The Limiting Conditions of Early Capitalism |
248 |
Part IV. Capitalism Dominant |
I. |
The Release of Economic Energy |
259 |
II. |
The New Mercantilism and the New Imperialism |
|
|
Economic Legislation |
270 |
International Trade Relations |
274 |
The New Colonialism |
276 |
III. |
Modern Technique and Its Application to Industry and
Commerce |
|
|
Nineteenth Century Invention |
283 |
The Economic Significance of Modern Technique |
289 |
IV. |
The Organization of Capital in Relation to Enterprise |
|
|
Money and Credit |
294 |
Goods as Capital |
302 |
V. |
Population and Labor Supply |
|
|
The Sources of Labor Supply |
312 |
The Movement of Population |
318 |
The Urban Movement |
322 |
The Technical Adaptation of Population |
326 |
VI. |
The Rationalization of the Market |
|
|
The Problem of Outlet |
333 |
Market Technique and Market Control |
337 |
Conjuncture, Cycles and Crises |
347 |
VII. |
The Rationalization of Business Organization |
|
|
The Incorporated Stock Company |
357 |
The Displacement of Small Units of Economic Enterprise by
Larger Units |
362 |
Business Combinations |
366 |
The Depersonalization of Business |
372 |
VIII. |
The Rationalization of Economic Life as a Whole |
|
|
The Physiocrats |
385 |
Adam Smith and the Classical School |
387 |
The Divergent Schools of Economic Thought |
393 |
The Institutionalists and the Historical School |
397 |
The Socialists |
400 |
IX. |
The Variant Forms of Economic Life |
|
|
The Persistence of Uncapitalistic Forms of Economic Life |
411 |
Cooperation |
416 |
Public Ownership |
421 |
Conclusion |
425 |
Index |
429 |